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  <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></div></div> <!----></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>仿JIRA企业级项目</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/01.html" class="active sidebar-link">项目初始化与配置</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/01.html#用-create-react-app-初始化项目" class="sidebar-link">用 Create React App 初始化项目</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/01.html#配置-eslint、-prettier-和-commitlint-规范工程" class="sidebar-link">配置 eslint、 prettier 和 commitlint 规范工程</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/01.html#对比常见-mock-方案-配置-json-server" class="sidebar-link">对比常见 Mock 方案 配置 JSON SERVER</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/01.html#【注意了】大家不用再手动引入-react-了" class="sidebar-link">【注意了】大家不用再手动引入 React 了</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/02.html" class="sidebar-link">React 与 Hook 应用：实现项目列表</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/02.html#用-jsx-列表渲染开发工程列表页面" class="sidebar-link">用 JSX 列表渲染开发工程列表页面</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/02.html#用状态提升分享组件状态-完成工程列表页面" class="sidebar-link">用状态提升分享组件状态，完成工程列表页面</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/02.html#【扩展学习】为什么-react-列表要加-key" class="sidebar-link">【扩展学习】为什么 React 列表要加 key ?</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/02.html#学习自定义hook-用usedebounce减少工程搜索请求频率" class="sidebar-link">学习自定义Hook - 用useDebounce减少工程搜索请求频率</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/03.html" class="sidebar-link">TS 应用：JS神助攻 - 强类型</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/03.html#为什么我们需要ts-真实场景学习-ts-的必要性" class="sidebar-link">为什么我们需要TS - 真实场景学习 TS 的必要性</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/03.html#将项目列表页面js改造成ts-增强类型-减少bug" class="sidebar-link">将项目列表页面JS改造成TS，增强类型，减少Bug</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/03.html#ts知识梳理、总结与提高" class="sidebar-link">TS知识梳理、总结与提高</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/03.html#学习泛型-用泛型增强usedebounce类型灵活性" class="sidebar-link">学习泛型，用泛型增强useDebounce类型灵活性</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/03.html#用-hook-ts-ts泛型实现usearray" class="sidebar-link">用 Hook + TS + TS泛型实现useArray</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/04.html" class="sidebar-link">JWT、用户认证与异步请求</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/04.html#用react表单、ts的类型继承和鸭子类型实现登录表单" class="sidebar-link">用React表单、TS的类型继承和鸭子类型实现登录表单</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/04.html#连接真实服务端-专属开发者工具介绍与安装" class="sidebar-link">连接真实服务端 - 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用 CSS-in-JS 添加样式</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/05.html#安装与使用-antd-组件库" class="sidebar-link">安装与使用 antd 组件库</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/05.html#为什么我们需要css-in-js方案-通过传统css缺陷学习css-in-js必要性" class="sidebar-link">为什么我们需要CSS-in-JS方案 -通过传统CSS缺陷学习CSS-in-JS必要性</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/05.html#【扩展学习】不再惧怕-css-css-in-js" class="sidebar-link">【扩展学习】不再惧怕 CSS - CSS-in-JS</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/05.html#最受欢迎的css-in-js方案-emotion的安装与使用" class="sidebar-link">最受欢迎的CSS-in-JS方案 - Emotion的安装与使用</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/05.html#用grid和flexbox布局优化项目列表页面" class="sidebar-link">用Grid和Flexbox布局优化项目列表页面</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/05.html#用css-in-js状态工程创建自定义组件-row组件实现" class="sidebar-link">用CSS-in-JS状态工程创建自定义组件：Row组件实现</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/05.html#完善项目列表页面样式" class="sidebar-link">完善项目列表页面样式</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/05.html#清除前面课程留下的警告信息" class="sidebar-link">清除前面课程留下的警告信息</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/06.html" class="sidebar-link">用户体验优化 - 加载中和错误状态处理</a></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/07.html" class="sidebar-link">Hook，路由，与 URL 状态管理</a></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/08.html" class="sidebar-link">用户选择器与项目编辑功能</a></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/09.html" class="sidebar-link">深入React 状态管理与Redux机制</a></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/10.html" class="sidebar-link">用 react-query 获取数据，管理缓存</a></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/11.html" class="sidebar-link">看板页面及任务组页面开发</a></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/12.html" class="sidebar-link">React 的性能优化</a></li><li><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/13.html" class="sidebar-link">自动化测试</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h2 id="用-create-react-app-初始化项目"><a href="#用-create-react-app-初始化项目" class="header-anchor">#</a> 用 Create React App 初始化项目</h2> <p>初始化一个typescript项目</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code>npx create-react-app jira --template typescript
</code></pre></div><p>启动项目</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> start
</code></pre></div><p>部分特殊文件作用的说明：</p> <p>src/react-app-env.d.ts // 引入预先定义好的typescript类型</p> <p>src/reportWebVitals.ts // 埋点上报</p> <p>src/setupTests.ts // 配置单元测试</p> <p>public/manifest.json // 用来配置pwa</p> <p>public/manifest.json // 配置搜索引擎爬虫，哪些文件不被搜索引擎抓取</p> <h2 id="配置-eslint、-prettier-和-commitlint-规范工程"><a href="#配置-eslint、-prettier-和-commitlint-规范工程" class="header-anchor">#</a> 配置 eslint、 prettier 和 commitlint 规范工程</h2> <p>配置tsconfig.json</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;compilerOptions&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">&quot;baseUrl&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;./src&quot;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// ...</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>在配置baseUrl之前我们引入文件是使用下面这种../../之类的</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> ajax <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'../../utils/ajax'</span>
</code></pre></div><p>配置之后</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> ajax <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'utils/ajax'</span>
</code></pre></div><p>这样方便了很多。</p> <h3 id="prettier"><a href="#prettier" class="header-anchor">#</a> Prettier</h3> <p>在团队编写代码的时候每个人可能有每个人的风格，每个人用的IDE可能不同，即便用的相同的IDE配置可能也不同。所以导致代码风格不尽相同。比如下面这种挨揍的代码格式，就会让人发疯👊：</p> <p><img src="/assets/img/1.ed5ac233.png" alt=""></p> <p>我们可以使用Prettier来统一代码风格，提高开发效率。废话不多说，来看看怎么使用Prettier。<a href="https://prettier.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Prettier官方文档<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <p>安装</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save-dev --save-exact prettier
</code></pre></div><p>创建一个配置文件</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>echo <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span>prettierrc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json
</code></pre></div><p>创建 .prettierignore 文件，用于指定哪些文件不需要被格式化</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token comment"># Ignore artifacts:</span>
build
coverage
</code></pre></div><p>在终端执行如下命令：</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code>npx prettier --write <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
</code></pre></div><p>发现上面混乱的代码被格式化了</p> <p><img src="/assets/img/2.6cd19ac8.png" alt=""></p> <p>上面的这种格式看着不那个找揍了😀</p> <p>但是让每个人都去时不时的执行上面这个命令显然可操作性太差。有没有什么办法可以让它自动执行呢？我们可以使用
<a href="https://prettier.io/docs/en/precommit.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pre-commit Hook<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <p>在终端执行如下命令：</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code>npx mrm lint-staged
</code></pre></div><p>package.json文件中会新增如下代码</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><div class="highlight-lines"><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><div class="highlighted"> </div><br><br><br><br><br><div class="highlighted"> </div><div class="highlighted"> </div><br><br><div class="highlighted"> </div><div class="highlighted"> </div><div class="highlighted"> </div><br><br></div><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;version&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1.0.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;index.js&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;echo \&quot;Error: no test specified\&quot; &amp;&amp; exit 1&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token property">&quot;prepare&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;husky install&quot;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;keywords&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;author&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;license&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ISC&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;devDependencies&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">&quot;husky&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^6.0.0&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token property">&quot;lint-staged&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;^10.5.4&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token property">&quot;prettier&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2.2.1&quot;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;lint-staged&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">&quot;*.{js,css,md}&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;prettier --write&quot;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>这样当我们每次执行commit的时候，代码就会被自动格式化。</p> <p>假设我们在项目中使用了eslint，我们需要安装eslint-config-prettier，这是因为prettier和eslint可能会有冲突。</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save-dev eslint-config-prettier
</code></pre></div><p>然后在package.json文件中修改eslint的配置项，extends数组最后添加prettier</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><div class="highlight-lines"><br><br><br><br><br><div class="highlighted"> </div><br><br><br><br></div><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;eslintConfig&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">&quot;extends&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
      <span class="token string">&quot;react-app&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token string">&quot;react-app/jest&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token string">&quot;prettier&quot;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>这里先推荐一篇好文章<a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/81764012?from_voters_page=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Prettier看这一篇就行了<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <h3 id="commitlint"><a href="#commitlint" class="header-anchor">#</a> commitlint</h3> <p>安装</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save-dev @commitlint/<span class="token punctuation">{</span>config-conventional,cli<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>在终端执行如下命令</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">&quot;module.exports = {extends: ['@commitlint/config-conventional']}&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> commitlint.config.js
</code></pre></div><p>然后在终端再执行如下命令（在上面Prettier配置基础上需要执行的命令）</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token comment"># Add hook</span>
npx husky <span class="token function">add</span> .husky/commit-msg <span class="token string">'npx --no-install commitlint --edit &quot;<span class="token variable">$1</span>&quot;'</span>
</code></pre></div><p>单独使用commitlint时需要执行的命令：</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token comment"># Install Husky v6</span>
<span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> husky --save-dev
<span class="token comment"># or</span>
<span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> husky --dev

<span class="token comment"># Activate hooks</span>
npx husky <span class="token function">install</span>
<span class="token comment"># or</span>
<span class="token function">yarn</span> husky <span class="token function">install</span>

<span class="token comment"># Add hook</span>
npx husky <span class="token function">add</span> .husky/commit-msg <span class="token string">'npx --no-install commitlint --edit &quot;<span class="token variable">$1</span>&quot;'</span>
</code></pre></div><p>此时当我们再提交代码时就需要遵循一定的格式才行，随意提交会提交失败。</p> <p>要遵循的格式（冒号后面要加空格）：</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">git</span> ci -m <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>type<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>optional scope<span class="token punctuation">]</span>: <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>description<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>type ：用于表明我们这次提交的改动类型，是新增了功能还是修改了测试代码又或者是更新了文档</p> <p>optional scope：一个可选的修改范围。用于标识此次提交主要涉及到代码中哪个模块。</p> <p>description：描述此次提交的主要内容</p> <p>示例：</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">git</span> ci -m <span class="token string">'chore: 配置commitlint'</span>
</code></pre></div><p>type的取值如下：</p> <ul><li>build：主要目的是修改项目构建系统(例如 glup，webpack，rollup 的配置等)的提交</li> <li>ci：主要目的是修改项目继续集成流程(例如 Travis，Jenkins，GitLab CI，Circle等)的提交</li> <li>docs：文档更新</li> <li>feat：新增功能</li> <li>fix：bug 修复</li> <li>perf：性能优化</li> <li>refactor：重构代码(既没有新增功能，也没有修复 bug)</li> <li>style：不影响程序逻辑的代码修改(修改空白字符，补全缺失的分号等)</li> <li>test：新增测试用例或是更新现有测试</li> <li>revert：回滚某个更早之前的提交</li> <li>chore：不属于以上类型的其他类型(日常事务)</li></ul> <h2 id="对比常见-mock-方案-配置-json-server"><a href="#对比常见-mock-方案-配置-json-server" class="header-anchor">#</a> 对比常见 Mock 方案 配置 JSON SERVER</h2> <p>在真实开发环境中，前端和后端是并行开发的，这样可以极大提高开发效率，节省成本，所以前期是没有后端接口可用的。</p> <p>这个时候前端需要的数据需要自己Mock，这里对比下常见的Mock方案，以便开发的时候选择更合适的方案。</p> <h3 id="代码入侵"><a href="#代码入侵" class="header-anchor">#</a> 代码入侵</h3> <p>直接在代码中写死Mock数据，或者请求本地的JSON文件</p> <p>优点：无</p> <p>缺点：</p> <ol><li>与其他方案比mock效果不好</li> <li>与真实环境的server环境切换麻烦</li></ol> <h3 id="请求拦截"><a href="#请求拦截" class="header-anchor">#</a> 请求拦截</h3> <p>如Mock.js原理是重写httprequest的属性</p> <p>优点：</p> <ol><li>与前端代码分离</li> <li>可生成随机数据</li></ol> <p>缺点：</p> <ol><li>数据都是动态生成的假数据，无法真实模拟增删改查的情况</li> <li>只支持ajax，不支持fetch</li></ol> <h3 id="接口管理工具"><a href="#接口管理工具" class="header-anchor">#</a> 接口管理工具</h3> <p>代表：rap、swagger、moco、yapi</p> <p>优点：配置功能强大，接口管理与Mock一体，后端改接口Mock也跟着更改，可靠。</p> <p>缺点：</p> <ol><li>配置复杂依赖后端，可能会出现后端不愿意出手，后者等后端配置完了，接口也开发出来的情况</li> <li>一般作为大团队的基础建设存在，没有这个条件的话慎重考虑。</li></ol> <h3 id="本地node服务器"><a href="#本地node服务器" class="header-anchor">#</a> 本地node服务器</h3> <p>代表：<a href="https://github.com/typicode/json-server" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">json-server<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <p>优点：</p> <ol><li>配置简单、json-server甚至可以零代码30秒启动一个REST API SERVER</li> <li>自定义程度高，一切尽在掌握</li> <li>增删改查真实模拟</li></ol> <p>缺点：与接口管理工具相比，无法随着后端API的修改而自动修改。</p> <p>什么是REST API呢？一句话总结URI代表资源、对象，METHOD代表行为，如：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>GET /list  // 列表
POT /user // 增加
PUT /list/1 // 替换
PATH /list/2 // 修改
DELETE /list/1 // 删除
</code></pre></div><p>推荐使用 json-server 这种方式来mock数据。下面我们简单来说下json-server如何使用。</p> <p>全局安装</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> -g json-server
</code></pre></div><p>或者局部安装</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> json-server -D
</code></pre></div><p>在项目根目录新建一个__json_server_mock__（这样起名的是为了告诉其他开发者这个文件和项目是无关的）文件，并在这个文件中创建一个json文件，如db.json，输入如下内容</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;user&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>启动</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code>json-server --watch db.json
</code></pre></div><p>配置package.json文件，注意：如果是全局安装的json-server要去掉npx</p> <div class="language-json extra-class"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token property">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment">// ...</span>
  <span class="token property">&quot;server&quot;</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;npx json-server __json_server_mock__/db.json --watch&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="【注意了】大家不用再手动引入-react-了"><a href="#【注意了】大家不用再手动引入-react-了" class="header-anchor">#</a> 【注意了】大家不用再手动引入 React 了</h2> <p>以前我们需要在每个React组件中都要手动引入React</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'react'</span>
</code></pre></div><p>这样做的原因是因为JSX是语法糖，下面这个组件在编译后</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'react'</span>

<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">App</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>h1<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>hello<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>h1<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>会被转换成</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> React <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'react'</span>

<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">App</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> React<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'h1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>每个组件在编译后都会使用React，所以每个组件都需要手动引入React。</p> <p>这样是不是感觉很麻烦😭，现在我们不需要手动在引入React了😄。</p> <p>去年年底plugin-transform-react-jsx发布了新版本，从v7.9.0开始，就不同手动引入React了，转换变成了这样，详见<a href="https://reactjs.org/blog/2020/09/22/introducing-the-new-jsx-transform.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Introducing the New JSX Transform<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">App</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>h1<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>Hello World<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>h1<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>编译成：</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// Inserted by a compiler (don't import it yourself!)</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>jsx <span class="token keyword">as</span> _jsx<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'react/jsx-runtime'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">App</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">_jsx</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'h1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> children<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Hello world'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="custom-block tip"><p class="custom-block-title">注意</p> <p>create-react-app v4.0版本开始支持，之前的版本并不支持这种转换。</p></div> <p>在这个工程中并不是使用tsc将ts编译成js的，使用的是babel编译的ts，这样可以用ts类型检测 + babel编译一切，可以降低开发/配置成本。</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----> <span class="next"><a href="/project/仿Jira企业级项目/02.html">
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